Learner-Center Educational Plan

With bounty of data in regards to instructing and learning, it may sensibly be normal that training arranging would be a snappy and simple procedure. Educators despite everything have a fundamental task to carry out inside arranging; the direction and systems gives data on what to instruct, the instructor will choose how best to decipher this data for the specific youngsters inside their group. Delegate et al (1995, p.39) talks about the necessity for arranging, and opens with the possibility that no arranging can occur without a reasonable thought, with respect to the instructor, of what the youngsters in the class are going to learn.The arranging process requires the recognizable proof of the learning targets in detail; in all actuality, meeting the standards of the educational program and even the more point by point key destinations in the encouraging methodology will require a progression of exercises and generally an arrival to the subject sometime in the future. Arranging over various time spans permits educators to meet the ideal results and give an intelligible progression.Long term plans will detail the desires inside an educational plan zone over a scholarly year; these plans will distinguish topics to be utilized and the branches of knowledge to be secured they will be communicated as far as the key ideas that kids should comprehend and the information and abilities that they ought to get. Medium term arranging will for the most part be for a unit of work †by and large one thing from the program of study †and spread a term or  ½ term. The medium term arranging stage is when educators are required to interface the drawn out designs to the educational program key goals. The medium term plans will layout a progression of exercises and the methodology that will be taken; these plans are the primary level at which the educating/learning approach is thought of and the strategies and measure for evaluation are chosen. (Platz 1994)There is have to consider the distinctive learning styles that youngsters like and to incorporate (similarly as is handy) these various styles inside each instructing scene. Training arranging, is an intricate region, not all instructing strategies are suitable to the topic; we as educators need to recall that a mixed methodology is vital in the event that we are to give a satisfactory learning experience to the entirety of the students inside our study halls. Moreover, new worldview of student focused instruction developed recently.It infers issues of what and how the understudy is learning, the conditions under which the understudy is realizing, how current learning positions the understudy for future learning, and whether the understudy is holding and applying the learning. (Weimer, 2002 XVI). In this paper we will attempt to conceal a subjective part of student focus instruction arranging. Psychological part of student focused training includes some after elements. These are the nature and objectives of learning process, the development of information and higher-request thinking.In request to distinguish youngsters' individual adapting needs the educator ought to watch the kids and their work. Real data can be gotten from past educators, schools and so forth. The Standard Assessment Tasks (SATs) give fundamental data about the degree of accomplishment a youngster has reached and may conceivably show levels of movement after some time. As per Proctor et al (1995 p.129) evaluation gives an exact image of an individual kid's achievements.It estimates a youngster's accomplishments from that kid's own pattern and as it is non-near to other kids it shows what a kid can accomplish paying little heed to what other's can do. Individual Educational Plans (IEPs) show proof of any exceptional needs, which might be physical, for example, poor sight and hearing and any learning troubles. It will likewise recognize youngsters who have social issues or especially capable and skilled children.IEPs will likewise show any techniques and instructing approaches used to address these kids' issues. It can likewise feature a specific assets that encourage the kids' learning. A past educator can give important data on how these techniques and assets were utilized and the achievement or disappointment of them. It is critical to remember while talking about kids with different educators that their perspectives and conclusions are probably not going to be unprejudiced. Discussions with guardians/carers permit them to raise any issues they have about their understandings of their kids' needs and progress in learning. It can likewise be helpful to see youngsters' ages to increase a superior comprehension of the level they are working at.Once this fundamental data has been gathered the educator can design analytic work, which will additionally distinguish kids' capacities and necessities. Educators should design expansive theme work at an assortment of levels where kids have a sensible chance of achievement and which gives a few difficulties. The educator's earlier information on the youngsters should empower him/her to pitch the work at the right levels. If not, the evaluation of the youngsters' troubles or straightforwardness will give pieces of information regarding how to adjust it. Starting here onwards the instructor ought to have a genuinely intelligible thought of the necessities of the class in general and the individual kids inside it. (Hamilton 1999)When wanting to meet kids' individual needs, an educator is anticipating comprehensive instruction, which gives all kids an equivalent chance to come to their potential.â While arranging, instructors must set up a learning action, which adequately accomplishes the learning results for every individual kid. Educators must structure learning inside their homerooms so as to push every kid ahead, this can incorporate separating suitably, utilizing fitting assets and actualizing different instructin g and learning procedures comprehensive of all children.Teaching Strategies Education arranging will utilize an assortment of systems portrayed by Minton (1997, p.117). It is fitting to utilize ‘lecture' to start the meeting to disclose what is to be secured, to discover how the understudies have discovered the work in the past meeting so there will be some ‘questions and answers'. There will be a ‘group conversation' as we experience the task and this will offer the understudies the chance to pose any inquiries and acquaint themselves with the work. A ‘question and answer' meeting will follow and afterward contingent upon the result, there be the open door for ‘demonstrations'. These systems are sketched out below.â §  Question and answer to audit work from last lessonâ §  Lecture to clarify unit assessmentâ §  Group conversation while standards for evaluation are discussedâ §  More question and replies as appropriateâ §  Demonstration o f past reasonable work if necessaryUsing Q and A to begin the exercise as this gives a prompt criticism of progress. The drawback of this is the ‘quiet' understudies might be hesitant to pose inquiries, There is should know about this, and maybe ask those understudies inquiries that they can reply to develop their certainty. A talk system is then used to clarify the unit task, as this is a compelling technique for broadcasting the data. At that point a gathering conversation will include instructor and understudies talking about measures, this permits everybody to pose inquiries and offer thoughts yet it might permit ‘loud’ understudies to overwhelm the gathering. Certain opportunity to exhibit pragmatic work to the understudies on the PC permits the understudy to perceive what the last item ought to be of a specific exercise and gives them trust in their own work.Learning Resources For IT classes, for instance, an assortment of assets are utilized in the secondar y school. The most widely recognized ones utilized in the IT division are PC based assets, OHT's and PC produced slides, and written words. The most well-known kinds of media asset are the PC/projector blend and pieces of literature, to go with whiteboard work. In the IT office it is important that understudies have singular access to PCs with significant programming introduced on them, and furthermore access to a printer to empower them to get printed copies of work produced.There is requirement for a space to situate all understudies, we needn't bother with PCs for every understudy for this situation, we need them all to see a whiteboard so we can clarify the subject we will flexibly unit assignments in printed copy to each understudy, including the stamping models and the arbitrator's remarks. It is turning out to be regular practice to compose all types of work on the PC, and we would anticipate that them should word process their work at whatever point the office is available.T here is have to assess the gathering of understudies toward the start of a course to decide whether any had exceptional prerequisites, for instance crippled access or if any had hearing or visual weaknesses. It is important to create intranet to incorporate examination helps for the understudies. For instance, to put past talk notes and down to earth practice presents on the intranet to empower understudies to go over past work and furthermore permit missing understudies the chance to get up.Arrangement of the work areas in the homeroom is a typical horseshoe of PC workstations with few tables in the focal point of the room. The focal tables can be moved uninhibitedly in spite of the fact that this is an appropriate situation for the study hall conversation. The PC workstations will be utilized towards the finish of the exercise. The white board is at the entryway end of the room, it is another shrewd board, and in spite of the fact that is littler, it very well may be seen from all situations in the room, if the understudies move their seats round. This will be utilized for showings of PC work and is accessible for the inquiry and answer area. The acoustics are satisfactory for an instructing domain. The room is in every case light and warm enough, and windows can be opened to give extra ventilation.Goals of learning process all things being equal, instruction arranging objectives are following:Timing · Allow enough an ideal opportunity for ea

What Criticisms of 19th Century Life Is Dickens Making in the Novel Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

What Criticisms of nineteenth Century Life Is Dickens Making in the Novel Great Expectations Essay Charles Dickens composed the novel Great Expectations in 1861. He initially composed it as week after week portions for a magazine called ‘All the all year. ’ In the novel he reprimanded numerous things about nineteenth century life, for instance, the significance of being a man of his word and economic wellbeing, wrongdoing and discipline, adolescence and to wrap things up the job of ladies. Charles Dickens was conceived on seventh February, 1812, and went through the initial nine years of his life living in the waterfront areas of Kent. Dickens’s father, John, was a sort and agreeable man, however he was sad with cash and accumulated huge obligations for an incredible duration. At the point when Dickens was nine, his family moved to London and when he was twelve, his dad was captured and brought to jail for unpaid obligations. Dickens’s mother moved his seven siblings and sisters into jail with their dad, however she masterminded the youthful Dickens to live alone outside the jail and work with other youngsters sticking names on bottles in a blacking distribution center. Dickens found the three months he spent separated from his family exceptionally horrendous. Not exclusively was simply the activity hopeless, yet he viewed himself as unreasonably bravo, acquiring the disdain of different youngsters. After his dad was discharged from jail, Dickens came back to class. He in the long run turned into a law representative, at that point a court journalist, lastly an author. A significant number of the occasions from Dickens’s early life are reflected in Great Expectations, which, aside from David Copperfield, is his most self-portraying novel. Pip, the novel’s legend lives in the bog nation, works at an occupation he detests, views himself as unreasonably useful for his environmental factors, and encounters material achievement in London at an early age, precisely as Dickens himself did. What's more, one of the novel’s most engaging characters, Wemmick, is a law representative, and the law, equity, and the courts are exceptionally significant segments of the story. In Victorian culture, a respectable man was an individual of upper or white collar class. Generally, one was naturally introduced to being a piece of the nobility as it was practically difficult to climb the social progressive system. Being a piece of this tip top division of the class framework is the thing that Dickens investigates and in doing so misuses the vagueness of the term ‘gentleman’ and the intricacies with regards to what causes a man to become honorable man. One of the significant reactions of nineteenth century life in the novel is the need to recognize social glory and good worth. Dickens investigates this topic by examining thoughts regarding the idea of a respectable man. Pip is key to this subject, as he speaks to the connection between the social classes. He is the town kid who turns into a man of honor with the assistance of a crook. Notwithstanding, the differentiating view given through Herbert Pocket and his dad gives us that ‘no man who was not a genuine man of his word on the most fundamental level, at any point was, since the world started, a genuine courteous fellow in way. In spite of the fact that Herbert has almost no cash, he is obviously an honorable man, both in the social sense, as he is all around conceived and has gotten a high society training, and in the ethical sense, as he shows Pip social graces, and, by model, that habits are pointless except if they get from sound good standards. This is additionally represented through Compeyson, Miss Havershams sweetheart, who had a shallow polish that blinded individuals to his genuine nature. ‘He’s a noble man, you don't mind, this villain’. Drummle is one more case of an overstated kind of man of his word. In spite of the fact that he has acquired cash, and incredible desires, he has no ethical norms and stays inactive, glad, saved and dubious. Dickens saw two sorts of refined men, Joe Gargery, who is a basic and dedicated metal forger. He is likewise modest and kind. This was represented when he asserted that his dad who was likewise a metalworker ‘What sume’er the failings on his part, recall peruser he were that acceptable in his heart. ’ However, Drummle characterized through his insight into social decorum, the degree of his training, appearance and pay. Dickens appeared in his novel that one shouldn't be rich and taught to be a courteous fellow. Wrongdoing and discipline is a key subject in ‘Great Expectations’ which is connected near equity and treachery. Pip is acquainted with wrongdoing and lawbreakers at an opportune time when he is gone up against with Magwitch on the swamps. This experience propels Pip to take from his own family, the iron document and the pork pie. So the main wrongdoing we see carried out is by Pip, which is huge in light of the fact that the book is revolved around wrongdoing and how Pip gets increasingly included. When Magwitch is gotten, he is taken to the jail mass where Pip got an understanding into the equity framework and perceived how the detainees were dealt with. Dickenss disappointment with the jail framework is apparent when Wemmick is giving Pip a mobile visit through the lanes of London. Additional proof of Dickens concern can be found in Pips response to the Debtors Door of Newgate Prison, in which guilty parties came to be hanged. Utilizing Pip as a vessel to communicate his idle perspectives on crooks, Dickens communicates his profound established recollections of destitution and a dad condemned to account holders jail. This repudiates the way that, in actuality, Dickens ‘believed’ the ‘model prisons’ to be excessively indulgent to their detainees and praised rather the ideals of hard and unrewarding work, a system which depended more upon discipline than moral improvement. This proposes, all things considered, Dickens felt that it was increasingly essential to concentrate on the discipline of crooks, instead of allowing them another opportunity to vindicate themselves. Additional proof of Dickenss worry for most extreme discipline can be found in this announcement with respect to the discipline of a neighborhood road hoodlum: ‘I would have his back scarified frequently and deep’. This disposition doubtlessly comes from the way that Dickens lawful preparing gave him a far stricter point of view toward detainees. Dickens is regularly credited for being powerful in the death of the Capital Punishment Act of 1868, which restricted open executions Dickens because against open executions was on the grounds that he felt they just caused individuals to identify a lot with killer, instead of the person in question. Dickens paints an incredibly striking image of youth through the eyes and brain of Pip and sees the world through the eyes of a kid. This was conceivable on the grounds that Dickens comprehended the musings and sentiments of youngsters and applied this to Pips each idea and activity when he composed the novel. Dickens had an undeniable present for making youngster characters in his works. The word ‘pip’ itself alludes to a seed from a plant. Seeds should be supported on the off chance that they are to develop and thrive. So as to comprehend both Dickens ability and his impulse to expound on youngsters it essential to understand that through the characters in his books he took up the situation everything being equal. In Dickens perspective on adolescence, he felt that youngsters have certain requirements, for instance, direction in a sustaining home, to be liberated from passionate and physical maltreatment, to have decent instruction, and to be permitted to utilize their minds and as in the novel, Pip’s father figure, Joe Gargery needed to buckle down like his dad before him and didn't get training. The expression ‘brought up by hand’ inferred passionate and physical maltreatment but then it was intended to mind and love in an exceptionally brutal manner. With the goal for kids to prevail in life he felt these requirements must be met. Through his depiction of youngster characters in the novel, Great Expectations, Dickens exhibits how grown-ups once in a while, nor enough accommodated these specific needs that kids have. In Great Expectations one can perceive how the ladies who fit Dickens thoughts were compensated with upbeat lives, for the most part as marriage. Like on account of Biddy, she was a medical caretaker to a harmed Mrs. Joe and was the encapsulation of family life. She was later remunerated with an upbeat life by her union with Joe. Dickens envisions two sorts of ladies, subordinate and rebellious, and rewards ladies as indicated by their capacity to render residential agreement On the other hand, the ladies who didn't adjust to these thoughts were rebuffed somehow. Despite the fact that not all of Dickens perspectives reflected what was common of the period, many did. Extraordinary Expectations is an impression of those perspectives that were in all probability supported by the ladies throughout his life. He accepted the same number of did during the Victorian time frame that the womans place was in the home. Ladies were the guardians of the world. Their lives should be focused on their family, for instance, characters like Biddy and Clara Barley fill the role of a characteristic, nurturing type. Biddy assumes control over thinking about Joe and Pip after Mrs. Joe is assaulted by Orlick and kicks the bucket before long. Biddy, similar to Pip, is a vagrant. She was the one that instructed Pip to peruse and later educated Joe. Incredible Expectations is set in early Victorian England, when extraordinary social changes were clearing the country. The Industrial Revolution of the late eighteenth and mid nineteenth hundreds of years had changed the social andscape, empowering business people and makers to store up tremendous fortunes. Albeit social class was not, at this point completely reliant on the conditions of one’s birth, the divisions among rich and poor remained almost as wide as could be. All through England, the habits of the high society were extremely severe and moderate: courteous fellows and women were relied upon to have exhaustive traditional instructions and to act fittingly in countless social circumstances These reactions as characterized by Dickens in his novel were felt in pretty much every aspect of Great Expectations. Pip’s abrupt ascent from nation worker to city man of his word constrains him to move starting with one social extraordinary then onto the next while managing th

Free Novel Writing Software to Get Your Next Book off to a Great Start

Free Novel Writing Software to Get Your Next Book off to a Great Start While the process of writing a novel is a complicated one, the software you use doesnt have to be. And with these programs available online, you can now get your novel written absolutely free of cost, so be sure to check them out and see which one best suits your needs.FastPencilScreenshot of Fastpencil.com, free novel writing software.Advertising that they have removed the hurdles inherent in the traditional book publishing industry, FastPencil is Cloud software that allows you to write, publish, and print books and eBooks anywhere you have access to the Internet.You can think of it as Google Docs for writers. Using the software, youll be able to create a project, invite others to collaborate with you, and communicate with other authors through the app. You can even assign a task for your collaborator.Not only can you write your manuscript directly with FastPencilâ€"you can also import a previously written manuscript and choose your page design in order to publish professionally. It s an all-in-one program that enables you to create books, collaborate, publish, distribute, and sell your work.Heres what you get for freeThe free version of FastPencil allows you to do the following:Print Your Book PrivatelySign in with any deviceReceive experienced and professional online supportImport, write, and edit your manuscriptCollaborate with othersProfessionally format your book (with preview)Track revision history with unlimited free digital proofsManage images and store encrypted filesPersonalize your author storeConnect your events calendar and social media accountInteract with a guided publishing wizard and retail pricing toolComplete metadata collectionFormat your manuscript for hardcover, softcover, Epub3, Mobi and PDF eBook publishingUse the Direct-to-Publish (DTP) PDF/X Import utilityObtain ISBN and barcodes (with purchase of global distribution only)Receive competitive royaltiesPaid versionFor $499, you will receive everything in the free version of the software, plus:A project manager to assist you in the navigation of your purchased author services1 professional front back cover design and 1 revision cycleGlobal distribution for all formats (print eBook) including distribution with Ingram, Barnes Noble, Books-A-Million, etc. for 3 yearsAn ISBN issued for each format1 half-hour scheduled marketing consultationyWriterScreenshot of yWriter.com, free novel writing software.yWriter is a free novel-writing program available for download and use for Windows 7 and later (the version for MacOS is in progress). It is a word processor that focuses on breaking your novel into chapters and scenes as a way to keep track of your work and while it wont write your novel for you, it will help you get it written by focusing on scene and chapter breaks.Since scenes can be moved around into various chapters, the developer of this software believes that its important to have the ability to drag and drop them from one chapter to another as you work on the ov erall flow of your book. A scene is a pleasant chunk to work on - small and well-defined, you can slot them into your novel, dragging and dropping them from one chapter to another as you interleave strands from different viewpoint characters and work out the overall flow of your book. You can also mark a scene as unused if youve written yourself into a dead end, which will keep it out of the word count and exports without deleting the content.yWriters creator is Simon Haynes, a designer and programmer who is also a published author. Due to his own experience with authoring a manuscript, Haynes wanted to create a program that contains tools a working novelist will find useful. On his website, he writes, As a programmer, Im used to dealing with projects broken into source files and modules, and I never lose track of my code. I decided to apply the same working method to my novels ... and yWriter was the result. Your work is broken down into chapters and scenes, and you can drag and dr op them around to reorganise your novel.Heres what you get for freeAdd chapters to the projectAdd scenes, characters, items and locationsDisplay the word count for every file in the project, along with a totalSave a log file every day, showing words per file and the total (Tracks your progress)Save automatic backups at user-specified intervalsAllow multiple scenes within chaptersViewpoint character, goal, conflict and outcome fields for each sceneReorder scenes within chaptersDrag and drop of chapters, scenes, characters, items and locationsAutomatic chapter renumberingEpub and Mobi exportExport selected chapters to RTF format, proof them, check the grammar, then import them back againExport your work to LaTeX, a powerful page-description languagePare your chapters into individual scenes, scene labels for word count and scene status (e.g. complete or incomplete)A storyboard feature that can be viewed by character arc or work schedule trackerKeep track of characters, locations, and i tems in different tabsView your Storyboard to see how your narrative is developingGenerate a synopsis based on the notes youve made for each sceneWriteMonkeyScreenshot of WriteMonkey, free novel writing softwareIf you find that youre often distracted while writing on your laptop, WriteMonkey is a great option. It advertises a distraction-free working environment with what seems like a sparse interface, but youll be surprised to learn all of the options it offers. Also, its a portable app, so it runs from a USB drive that you can use on whatever computer you want.Heres what you get for freeWriting software that allows you to focus on your writing without distractionThe ability to copy files and directories in any folder on your machineUSB installation on any windows computerThe freedom to choose your own UI language (separate download), colors, fonts, page layout and many other aspects of the program.A customizable info bar where you can scale up your text for easy reading, save diff erent profiles, etc.Software that is fully UTF-8 compatible and will recognize virtually all international charactersLibreOfficeScreenshot of LibreOffice, free word processing softwareLibreOffice is a project of the not-for-profit organization, The Document Foundation, and is available for Windows, macOS and Linux. Its open-source software that can be used as a replacement for the Microsoft Office Suite, including a word processor called writer. Beyond the word processor, the LibreOffice suite offers users the ability to create and edit spreadsheets, slideshows, diagrams and drawings and is available in 115 languages.LibreOffice Writer offers almost all of the same features seen in Microsoft Word and is a great desktop publishing tool for anyone who doesnt want to pay for the Microsoft Office suite. You can track changes, index, and organize your document with the same ease seen inexpensive word processing programs, and even save your file to make it easily transferable between Libr eOffice and other programs like Microsoft Word.Along with a full set of editing tools, a thesaurus, and dictionaries (in multiple languages), LibreOffice has a great support forum available for any questions you have on how to use the software.

Vygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development - 1365 Words

Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development the Biopsychosocial Framework In researching various development theories, one of those that stand out is cognitive development theory. Cognitive development theory studies â€Å"how people think and how thinking changes over time† (Kail Cavanaugh, 14). One of the leading theorists in this area was Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky. He was one of the first theorists to consider the sociocultural influences on a child’s development. His research allowed the development of key concepts that have been proven useful to educators as they have incorporated them within their teaching methods. Not only have these concepts helped children develop new skills, but also have made teachers more effective in the classroom. In considering the sociocultural influences on development, Vygotsky emphasized the importance of social interaction and imaginative play. He determined that these two factors made sizeable contributions in cognitive development in children. In looking at the influence of social interaction on development, he felt that these type of interactions helped children make discoveries and create meanings based on those things discovered. Many of these social interactions take place with someone more skilled, such as a teacher or parent. The child then is able to follow instructions given by the more skilled individual or else emulate their actions. This process involves making observations, following instructions, copying,Show MoreRelatedVygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development917 Words   |  4 Pages Hoy and Margetts (2012) demonstrate that cognitive development is much more than the addition of new facts and ideas to an existing store of information - maturation, activity and social transmission influence cognitive development. One very respected researcher of cognitive development and, in particular, sociocultural effects on such development, was Lev Vygotsky, whose original Russian journal articles are now available in English. Vygotsky’s theory revolves around peer-mediated learning, andRead MoreVygotsky s Theory On Cognitive Development Essay733 Words   |  3 Pages â…“ of a page on vygotsky Lev Semionovich Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist and constructivist learning theorist who was known for arguing against the theories of psychologist Jean Piaget. Piaget believed that in order for any learning to occur there had to development within the individual first, but Vygotsky argued the contrary. He argued that in order for development to occur, the individual would first have to have learning take place through instruction and example in a given appropriate environmentRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development1149 Words   |  5 Pages Piaget and Vygotsky are two well-known individuals in the history of psychology. The two psychologists held different beliefs regarding Cognitive Development in children. According to the text, â€Å"Piaget’s theory of cognitive development proposes that a child’s intellect, or cognitive ability, progress through four distinct stages† (Pg. 25). The stages are Sensorimotor Stage, Preoperational Stage, Concrete Operational Stage, and Formal Operational Stage. Piaget found that each stage occurs as a childRead MoreVygotsky And Vygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development Of Thought And Language Essay1060 Words   |  5 PagesAilà ­n Florencia Thought and Language: independent processes. With the passing of time, the development of thought and language has been the object of study for psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. The former drastically influenced the study of thought and speech with his theory of cognitive development and his clinical method. The latter also made his contribution with his sociocultural theory. Although language and thought may be analysed as associate one to the other, both of themRead MoreComparing Piaget And Vygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development813 Words   |  4 Pagesand Lev Vygotsky are considered to be very prominent figures in the area of cognitive development. Both of these men considered themselves a constructivist, which entails a viewpoint that is concerned with the nature of knowledge. In their lifetime, both of them made contributions in the area of education and even after death, their theories still influence teaching methods. The purpose of this paper is to show some similarities as well as differences in the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky and whatRead MorePiaget And Vygotsky s Cognitive Development Theory1114 Words   |  5 PagesWhen you think about cognitive development, you cannot help but to think about two specific contributors to this area of study, Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. First, let us discuss what exactly is cognitive development. Cognitive development is the process of how thought is constructed. This includes language learning, problem solving, reasoning, decision-making, as well as any other mental abilities. Cognitive development begins in childhood and continues to develop all the way through adulthoodRead MoreVygotsky s Concepts Of Cognitive Development Theory2311 Words   |  10 Pagesthen, that I did want to end up like them. I also remember thinking that if I had any children that I would do my best not to expose them to the same environment I was exposed to when I was growing up. According to Vygotsky’s concepts of cognitive development theory, my interactions with others in my neighborhood caused me to alter my environment which guided me, regulate me and redefined who I am now. So to answer the question, why did I not end up like some of my friends? I don’t know. I think thatRead MoreJean Piaget And Vygotsky s Theory On Children s Cognitive Development1507 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, have shared their knowledge on children’s cognitive development. Both psychologists had their own vision of what stimulates and helps a child grow. Jean Piaget s theory was shaped through the thinking and understanding of how knowledge is built through a series of four stages; preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational and concrete operational. He believed that the development was with the child themselves. On the contrary, Lev Vygotsky s theory is shaped throughRead MorePiaget s Eight Stages Of Development And Vygotsky s Theory On Cognitive Development Essay2193 Words   |  9 Pagesthrough life has helped me to understand that everything that happens is just apart of life. Two theories that I would like to focus on that I believe have had the biggest impact in my life are, Erikson’s eight stages of development and Vygotsky’s theory on cognitive development. Erikson’s theory is based off of 8 stages ranging from ages â€Å"zero† (birth); where we learn to either trust our caregiver(s) or we develop mistrust where we may become suspicious or anxious. Up until death, where we end withRead MoreVygotsky And Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development Innate Or Learned?1241 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Vygotsky and Piaget Jayne Enneking Northcentral University Comparing Vygotsky and Piaget Which comes first, the chicken or the egg? Is cognitive development innate or learned? These are two age old questions that have been discusssed extensively. The purpose of this paper is to offer insight into the answer of the latter by briefly comparing and contrasting Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget’s cognitive developmental theories. Both psychologists’ theories will be outlined, as will the similarities

The Incarceration Of The United States - 860 Words

Issues Felons Face when Reintegrated with Society Incarceration has been the primary means of punishment for criminals who have been convicted of felony offenses. While prisoners are serving the term of incarceration they face many difficult situations. Some of these situations can include committing new crimes within the system which could lead to prolonging the current sentencing. Those who are able to make parole after meeting the requirements set in place by the court are faced with new difficulties when trying to reintegrate in society. While inmates complete sentences ordered by the court, they have the opportunity to take advantage of Federal Aid including continued education, job skill training, employment opportunities and support programs. These programs are designed to lessen the struggle offenders’ face as they reintegrate into society by offering a positive direction upon their release. The overall goal is to achieve a reduction in the rate of recidivism. While in prison, criminals are given the opportunity to continue education as many inmates do not have basic, grade school, education. Lack of education prevents most released offenders from gaining regular employment and earning high enough wage to prevent them from relapsing back into crime. Inmates in Florida prisons tested at a median grade level of 6.9, with 64 percent scoring less than ninth-grade literacy skills, according to the Florida Department of Corrections 2006-07 Population ReportShow MoreRelatedThe Incarceration Of The United States1519 Words   |  7 Pagesin recent decades, violent crimes in the United States of America have been on a steady decline, however, the number of people in the United States under some form of correctional control is reaching towering heights and reaching record proportions. In the last thirty years, the incarceration rates in the United States has skyrocketed; the numbers roughly quadrupled from around five hundred thousand to more tha n 2 million people. (NAACP)In a speech on criminal justice at Columbia University, HillaryRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States980 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever questioned about the justice in the United States? Stevenson states that, â€Å"Today we have the highest rate of incarceration in the world. The prison population has increased from 300,000 people in the early 1970s to 2.3 million people today† (15). United States is a modern country that doesn’t serve justice to her citizen? 2.3 million prisoners are just embarrassing the whole country. You might want to know how bad the justice system is and how the heck cause 2.3 million prisoners toRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States Essay2335 Words   |  10 PagesEven though the United States makes up just 5% of the world’s population, it houses 25% of the world’s prison population† (Walmsley, 2009). The United States prides itself in being a worldwide leader in just about ev ery category; however, being the world leader in incarceration rights might not be something the United States would be proud about. Incarceration rates in the United States have grown at alarming rates in the past forty years specifically and it has resulted in major overcrowding issuesRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States979 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever question about the justice in the United States? Stevenson states that, â€Å"Today we have the highest rate of incarceration in the world. The prison population has increased from 300,000 people in the early 1970s to 2.3 million people today† (15). Is United States is a modern country that doesn’t serve justice to her citizen? 2.3 million of prisoners are just embarrassing the whole country. You might want to know how bad the justice system is and how the heck cause 2.3 million prisonersRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States1113 Words   |  5 Pages The United States of America has more people incarcerated than any other country on earth, a whopping 2,220,300 adults are currently locked behind bars. We have 500,000 more citizens locked up than China, a country 5 times our population run by an authoritarian government. From 1990 - 2000 the prison population increased by 1,000,000. The main reason for incarceration as a punishment in this country is rehabilitation, or so we have been told. In recent years an industry has developed that revolvesRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States1044 Words   |  5 PagesOverview The United States has the highest prison population in the world, with over two million incarcerated (World Prison Brief, 2016), of whom many are juveniles. It is well documented that youths who enter this system are more likely to suffer a host of negative health and lifestyle outcomes, such as alcohol/drug abuse, high school dropout, and mental health problems. Such phenomena occur in stark contrast with the aims of the US juvenile justice system, which supposedly intends to help offendingRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States1957 Words   |  8 Pages Incarceration has been a pending issue amongst western civilization’s history for some time and today continues to raise a wide range of important questions. Incarceration of individuals have become a tremendous tax payer concern along with the incarceration of the drug war, convictions of street gangs, and the rest of the individuals who have broken the law and harmed other innocent individuals. However, the question is always a concern of men incarceration and hardly addressed of women beingRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States3014 Words   |  13 PagesThe United States of America is phrased by many, as being â€Å"the land of the free.† Yet, the Unites States currently has the highest per capita prison population than any other country. The United States makes up only 5% of the world’s population and of that 5%, 25% of our overall nation’s population is currently incarcerated. A few factors that attribute to our high rates of incarceration incl ude, sentencing laws: such as mandatory- minimum sentencing, lack of initial deterrence from crime, the warRead MoreThe Incarceration Of The United States2529 Words   |  11 PagesSince 2002, The United States has had the highest incarceration rate in the world, and many of those imprisoned within the U.S. will be released and rearrested within three years (Langan Levin, 2002). Unfortunately, research has been mixed shown that the time spent in prison does not successfully rehabilitate most inmates, and the majority of criminals return to a life of crime almost immediately. Most experts believe that many prisoners will learn more and better ways to commit crimes while theyRead MoreIncarceration Of The United States1745 Words   |  7 PagesThere are over two million people in the United States behind bars. Incarceration in the US is one of the main forms of punishment that leads nothing after for people when getting out. Every state, city, country, all have laws we citizens obey and go by to do best for our country, but what happens someone violates the law? According to Google’s definition of a felony, it says that felony means, â€Å"a crime, typically one involving violence, regarded as more serious than a misdemeanor, and usually punishable

Business Communication Trends Paper Free Essays

University Of Phoenix Introduction to Business Communication Trends Paper Business Communication is a tool that allows you to improve the performance of your employees, performance of teams within the company. It also allows you to improve the performance of the entire organization, with the common goal helping company to fulfill it’s mission. (http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Communication Trends Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now skills2lead. com/definition-of -business-communication. html). Business Communication plays a major role in my daily activities at work. I work for a cellular phone company and in this business things change daily. We constantly have to come with ways to rely this information effectively to the agents on the floor. For example we have a section called new and changed, the agents are supposed to read this everyday. This section tells them about the latest updates or about any changes that have been made. For some reason the agents were not reading this everyday like they should so that made the company think what can we do to make the agents read the material? The company decided to do simulations that the agents had to interact with, which kept their attention, and the at the end there were questions that had to be answered about the reading, and you have to score a 80% or better to pass. By communicating with my agents, and fellow managers I am able to keep my daily work activities organized. This way I stay organized is by putting everything on my calendar such as lunch, meetings, etc†¦. For example when i go to lunch I send out an email to everyone in the office letting know I am gone and when I return, this lets the make the other managers aware of how many of them are left on the floor, and if we are short or not usually if another manager is gone I will hold off on lunch until they get back to ensure there is enough coverage of the floor. By communicating this helps me to let everyone know when I am available and when I am not. If I did not communicate it would make things very difficult this helps me to not be double booked for two interviews at once and not to have anything scheduled during my lunch break. The trend that I am seeing the most in my current work place is team work. Team work is very important because you want to get everyone’s opinions and different views on situations. When working in customer care there are a lot of issues that may arise one of the most common issues is when a customer returns a phone but still gets charged for it on their bill. It can be frustrating at times because it takes up so much time to look up this information, and agents are logging off of their phones to do research, which is taking money away from the company. My company gets paid by billable hours so if an agent is not on the phone we lose money. So my boss started communicating with his bosses to see what could be done to get the problem we were having under control, and still bring in more money. So my boss started thinking how can we resolve this problem, and still make more money. He ended up getting with other directors from other sites to get ideas on how this can be resolved. And they all came up with getting a equipment department internally. By doing this the regular agents no longer had to get off of their phones to research equipment, and since we would have special trained agents that meant more money for the company. So they pitched the ideas to their boss and six months later we have our own equipment department within the site. By communicating their ideas and thoughts, and showing how this would benefit the company the directors got what they wanted, and they did it by working together. Communication is in almost everything we do rather it is in a marriage, at work, or at home just to name a few. In order to improve and move forward we have to communicate. In a Business communication is key each and every department is working towards particular goals to help the company achieve what they set out to, but the ultimate goal is to make more money for the company. How to cite Business Communication Trends Paper, Papers

The Parent Trap Original and Remake Essay Example For Students

The Parent Trap Original and Remake Essay Disney movies are framed as family classics instantly, and both versions of The Parent Trap uphold that tradition with ease. The Parent Trap is a classic children’s movie filled with humor, wit, and fun that all ages can enjoy. This movie charmed audiences in 1961 and again with the remake in 1998. I loved both versions, but the remake won me over. The original Parent Trap, released in 1961, was directed by David Swift and starred Hayley Mills as the twins. The remake released in 1998, was directed by Nancy Meyers and starred Lindsay Lohan. Both Mills and Lohan were praised and adored for their performances as these two spunky and determined girls. It was other aspects of the movies like the special effects, humor and overall feel that made me favor the remake. In both films identical twins meet at summer camp, unaware of each other’s existence. Their identical appearance initially creates rivalry between them which results in prank wars. Eventually their behavior gets them into trouble and they are punished with living together in an isolated cabin for the rest of camp. Once the two finally get to talking they come to find numerous similarities in their lives including birth dates and broken families; eventually realizing they are twin sisters and their parents divorced shortly after their birth, with each parent taking custody of one of them. The twins decide to switch places and pose as each other so they can finally meet the other parent and hopefully reunite the whole family. The plan is disrupted when they find out that their father is engaged to a new woman who is only out for his money. They then reveal the truth to the mother and have her come to stop the wedding. Once the girls are reunited they re-create their parents first date, and do everything to scare the new woman away. The parents end up rekindling their love and re-marrying, including the twins in the wedding. Although the overall plot of the two movies are pretty much the same, there were a lot of little differences. For starters, the names were different along with the hometown of the families. In the original, it was Susan Evers and Sharon McKendrick. Sharon lived with her mother, Maggie (Maureen O’Hara), in Boston. Sharon lived with her father, Mitch (Brian Keith) in California. In the remake, the two girls were named Annie James and Hallie Parker. Annie lived with her mother, Elizabeth (Natasha Richardson), in London. Hallie lived with her father, Nick (Dennis Quaid), in California. How the girls find out they’re twins differs as well. In both movies they figure it all out while in the isolation cabin through pictures. But in the original, Sharon explains how she has seen a picture of her mother on her father’s desk, Susan pulls out a picture of her mother and Sharon confused, says â€Å"Why do you have a picture of my mother? † Sharon and Susan then realize they are twins. In the remake, both girls explain that they have half of a torn wedding photo of their parents. Eventually they reveal their pictures to each other and come to find their halves match and were once a whole picture, confirming that they are twins. Another difference in the plot is how the girls end up bringing their parents together. After getting a call from Sharon about her father’s fiancee, Vicky (Joanna Barnes), Susan tells her mother the truth and they fly to California to switch the girls back. The two work to sabotage the new couple and arrange a dinner for their parents’, which ends in them arguing over Vicky. To delay their mother leaving, the girls dress and talk alike, so their parents can’t tell them apart, planning to reveal who is who only after the family camping trip. Vicky ends up going on the camping trip and shows her true colors, which results in Mitch dumping her and remarrying Maggie. In the other movie, Annie calls Hallie informing her of the new woman, Meredith (Elaine Hendrix), and insists that she and her mother come break them up. Everyone except Nick and Meredith are aware of the switch and the girls plan to have everyone meet up at a hotel in California. Movie Overview - Sense and Sensibility EssayAlthough both Mills and Lohan exceeded in their roles, the supporting actors is where the two films differ in likeability for me. In the original, the other roles were very boring and had no positive contribution to the movie for me; â€Å"The adult roles are pretty stale, with the exception of glamorous Maureen OHara as Mrs. McKendrick and Charlie Ruggles as the lovable grandfather† (LeVasseur). In the remake, Lohan was not the only character that added charm to the movie, the parents, staff, and wicked fiancee all really helped bring the story together. Dennis Quaid and Natasha Richardson bring such humor and warmth to the movie that I was amazed to find myself actually caring about their romance. The three important supporting roles are also well filled. Plump, spunky Lisa Ann Walter, plays the nanny and housekeeper on Quaids spread and bald, droll Simon Kunz is Richardson’s butler. Elaine Hendrix is the snotty publicist who plans to marry Quaid until the parent trap springs. She has a thankless role, the only person in the movie we are not supposed to like but at least they don’t make her stand there and be obnoxious. She demonstrates on the camping trip, once and for all, that she is not the ideal wife for Quaid† (Ebert). Last but not least, regarding one actress playing two roles, the special effects and technology used in the remake were far more advanced in the 1998 version. Although the film crew managed to pull it off in 1961, when comparing the two, it is easy to see the major improvements that were made, critics agree. â€Å"The split-screen technology and trick photography using a body double looks pretty seamless for the time, and Mills is convincing in the dual role thanks to her charming performance† (LeVasseur). The twins are played by the same actress, using trick photography. Hayley Mills did it in 1961, and Lindsay Lohan does it this time, seamlessly. Although I was aware that special effects and over-the-shoulder doubles were being used, I simply stopped thinking about it, because the illusion was so convincing† (Ebert). Like Ebert said, the special effects in this version were not even noticeable making it completely believable that there were actually two different girls whereas, as LeVasseur said, the special effects were decent but Mills’ acting is really what brought the illusion together. Both the original and remake of The Parent Trap are wonderful movies the whole family can enjoy. The two are very similar and share the same plot minus a few slight differences regarding the time it was set in. My favoritism may lean towards the remake because it was technically the original to me since I never saw the 1961 version until now; and I must admit, innocent Lindsay Lohan will always have a special place in my heart. But I also like the remake better than the original because of the modern updates and the whole feel of the movie in general. Bibliography: Crowther, Bosley. Rev. of The Parent Trap, dir. David Swift. The New York Times 22 June 1961. Print. Ebert, Robert. Rev. of The Parent Trap, dir. Nancy Meyers. Rogerebert.com, 29 July 1998. Web. 28 April 2014. LeVasseur, Andrea. Rev. of The Parent Trap, dir. David Swift. MSNMovies.com Web. 28 April 2014. Maslin, Janet. Rev. of The Parent Trap, dir. Nancy Meyers. The New York Times 29 July 1998. Print. The Parent Trap. Dir. David Swift. Perf. Hayley Mills, Maureen O’hara, and Brian Keith. Polygram, 1961. Film. The Parent Trap. Dir. Nancy Meyers. Perf. Lindsay Lohan, Dennis Quaid, Natasha Richardson. Polygram, 1998. Film.

Judaism Modernization In America Essays - Semitic Peoples

Judaism Modernization In America The Jewish way of life has been affected in a tremendous way by the people of the United States of America. By the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, there were only 2500 Jews in America. For forty years beginning in 1840, 250,000 Jews (primarily from Germany, Hungary, and Bohemia) entered this country. Anti-Semitism and economic woes in Eastern Europe went from bad to worse after the pogroms of 1881-1882. Almost three million Eastern European Jews left between 1881 and 1914, two million (85%) of which decided to come to America, where they thought "the streets were paved with gold." They were wrong. Because of this intercontinental migration, the social characterization of Jews in America changed drastically. Before the move, the largest group in the early eighteenth century were the Sephardic Jews. They lived in the coastal cities as merchants, artisans, and shippers. The Jews who predominately spoke German came to America over 100 years later, and quickly spread out over the land. Starting as peddlers, they moved up to business positions in the south, midwest, and on the west coast. New York City had 85,000 Jews by 1880, most of which had German roots. At this time in American history, the government accepted many people from many different backgrounds to allow for a diverse population; this act of opening our borders probably is the origin of the descriptive phrase "the melting pot of the world." These German Jews rapidly assimilated themselves and their faith. Reform Judaism arrived here after the Civil War due to the advent of European Reform rabbis. Jewish seminaries, associations, and institutions, such as Cincinnati's Hebrew Union College, New York's Jewish Theological Seminary, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC), and the Central Conference of American Rabbis, were founded in the 1880s. America was experimenting with industry on a huge scale at the time the Eastern European Jews that arrived. Their social history combined with the American Industrial Age produced an extremely diverse and distinct American Jewry by the end of the intercontinental migration, which coincided with the start of the Great World War (World War I). Almost two out of every three new immigrants called the big northeast municipalities (such as the Lower East Side of New York) their new home. They would take any job available to support the family, and they worked in many different jobs which were as physically demanding as they were diverse. The garment district in New York today was made from the meticulousness, the sweat, and the determination of the Jews. Low pay, long hours, and disgusting working conditions characterized the average working day. Labor unions fought for these workers' rights and eventually won. There are stories of men in the Lower East Side of New York who started to sell rags from a cart, and slowly moved up the ladder in time to run a small clothing shop. Like other Jews in America at this time, they sacrificed the Sabbath to work during it, but it was for the good and the support of his family. The 1890s saw the birth of many Jewish-oriented charities were organized to raising funds for medical and social services, such as Jewish hospitals and Jewish homes for the aged. The American Jewish Committee was formed in 1906 to attempt to influence the American government to aid persecuted Jewish communities overseas. B'nai B'rith, a Jewish fraternal society, was set up in 1843 by German Jews in America; in 1913 it instituted the Anti-Defamation League to combat anti-Semitism. Today the ADL combats not just anti-Semitism, but also racism and other discriminants. Furthermore, The B'nai B'rith Hillel Foundation has put together Hillel Houses at major college campus throughout the country to ensure that Jewish college students get an adequate religious experience. Anti-Semitism in America did not become widespread until the turn of the century. Anti-Semitism follows Jews around; it is not part of a community unless Jews live with them in that community and the gentiles don't want them there. Jews were informally ostracized from clubs and resorts, and were denied entrance to colleges and other institutes of higher learning. Moreover, it was a common practice to not employ Jews in particular professions and basic industries. Between World War I and World War II the United States placed limits on the number of Jews allowed in per year. Zionism, the movement formed by Jews to get themselves to a land that they can call their own, had a definite impact on American Jewry during Zionism's times of development and

To His Coy Mistress

To His Coy Mistress Free Online Research Papers My Grandmother is what some would consider a feminist. She believes that woman have the potential to do anything but men hold them back. My Gram has very strong feelings about a woman’s role and how men play into it. Being extremely close with my Grandma has imprinted these views and ideas on to me. My Grandmother tells me that I can do anything I want and I don’t need a man to help me. She also tells me that I can be â€Å"choosy† and not to settle for less than perfect. Her last major view is don’t let a man disrespect you in any form. Having these views when reading, â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† these views shone through with my interpretation. This poem by Andrew Marvell, is a poem that is open for interpretation. One can view it as that the male character is madly in love with this woman and he is telling her to seize the day. The other way to view it, the way that I view it, is that the male character is a just a man looking for sex fr om this woman. Never the less, the poem contains many components that make it so beautiful. â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† is about a man pleading with a woman to have sexual intercourse with him. He persistently tells her that there is no time and they have to do it as soon as possible. The male character in this poem, to me, is generally looking for sex. I do think he loves her but wants the sexual aspect of their relationship more than anything. This poem has three parts. The first part is him saying if they had enough time they would have the world. He also tells the girl that if there were was enough time, they would be able to take it slow, but there is not so they need to do it now. In the second part he is saying they don’t have enough time and death is coming. The third part is saying that now they have to satisfy each other. I believe the theme of this work is â€Å"carpe diem†, live each day in Latin. Marvell’s main goal in this poem is to tell the reader to live you life to the fullest because you never know what tomorrow holds. No matter how one interprets what the male character is saying to the mistress or what he expects of it, the theme is live your life and do not dawn on the past. I believe Andrew Marvell’s life and his past up to writing this poem has a great influence on and a main reason why he wrote it. Marvell received a scholarship to Trinity College in 1638. A few days later he received the news of his mother’s death. Unfortunately, two years later his father passed away as well. After undergoing these tragedies at a young age, Marvell didn’t give up and throw his life away. Marvell continued to be very successful through the duration of his life. He was fully involved in politics and wrote several successful poems and earned a very good salary. A lot of people would give up and waste their lives away after going through what he went through. Marvell’s message in this poem is to not let life get you down when something bad happens. Live each day like it is your last because eventually good will come, and live it fully because you don’t know when your end will come. Marvell makes use of allusion, metaphor, and imagery in order to convey a mood of endurance and to explicate the theme of carpe diem. Marvell makes reference to past and future events on a scale. His allusions to religious scripture early on in the poem give the impression of vast ages passing, spanning most of time itself. The period from ten years before the flood until the conversion of the Jews crosses a massive amount of time. Another such technique is the metaphor. Lines 11-12 read, My vegetable love should grow / Vaster than empires, and more slow. The first line makes the narrators love a slow-growing vegetable. Such a growth would take far longer than humans to live and be greater than an entire empire. Personally I think that Marvell‘s attempt at portraying his theme is the imagery. We would sit down, and think which way / To walk, and pass our long loves day is free of the pressures of age. Not only are they walking, which implies calmness, but they are sittin g down and considering which way to walk. This carefree attitude is unusual in this poem because its entire goal is to tell the reader to live each day because you don’t know when your last day is. The theme is also repeated through out the poem that there is no time. â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†, is written in iambic tetrameter. It is also written in an A, A, B, B rhyme scheme. Marvell took the concept of carpe diem and transformed it into a beautiful poem with many techniques that supported it. The male character was trying to express that time was limited in live to the female character. The interpretation of whether he was sincere about his love for her or just another man looking for something sexually is up to the reader. The main concept of the poem is to live your life, carpe diem. Research Papers on To His Coy MistressMind TravelBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Developing a Multi-Skilled, Customer-Focused People Management Essay

Developing a Multi-Skilled, Customer-Focused People Management Approach in the Middle East through Reducing Dependence on Foreign Workers - Essay Example The paper tells that not like the trends of development elsewhere, the transition of the economy of the Middle East or the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has been largely driven by the trading in of expatriate foreign employees. This pattern will not cease for the near future, although at a slower rate, but the involvement of foreign employees in the course of transforming political and economic institutions will demand, inevitably, multi-skilled and customer-oriented people management techniques. Large corporations and government bodies in the Middle East, as well as international agencies, are vaguely informed of such regional trends, but the implications of such developments for human resource management (HRM) is not widely recognized or understood. By conducting an appropriate evaluation of the factors and patterns influencing development, this paper tries to contribute to the knowledge required by large corporations in the Middle East to create a more systematic, multi-skilled, and customer-oriented workforce management approach. Changing economic progress and lessening reliance on foreign employees are the key tasks confronting the Middle East. Not like elsewhere, the Middle East has too little literature on HRM. A detailed review of available literature reveals the lack of any methodical assessment that might give a broad image of the HRM mechanisms in the Middle East. In fact, there is hardly any trustworthy country-specific research that has surfaced with the economic progress of a specific Middle Eastern country. For instance, management and HRM approaches in Saudi Arabia, people management in Turkey, organizational and HRD success in Israel, international business and management problems in Jordan, and workforce management in the GCC (Peterson 1993). Moreover, the available literature emphasizes several studies associated with development and training in the Middle East. Ali (1996 as cited in Budhwar & Mellahi 2006), for instance, focuses on the inad equacy of attempts exerted by professionals to make sense of Arab management approaches and their effect on the success of organizational development programs and cross-cultural cooperation in the region. Likewise, a number of researchers talk about the success of management training and its effect on managerial competency in various Middle Eastern societies (Scullion & Collings 2010). As stated by Briscoe and Schuler (2004), several academics have stressed the need for and processes of multi-focused, customer-oriented workforce management approaches in the Arab world. A large portion of related literature on the Middle East is about the effect of Arab values and culture on management dynamics (Budhwar & Debrah 2001). Likewise, Kabasakal and Bodur (2002 as cited in Budhwar & Mellahi 2006), based on socio-cultural comparisons, classified an Arabic group, composed of Qatar, Kuwait, Turkey, Morocco, and Egypt. Countries in this group are emphasized to be very masculine, structural/hier archical, group-driven, and weak on future direction. In contrast, Ali (1995 as cited in Budhwar & Mellahi 2006) argues that multi-focused, customer-oriented organizations and management approaches in the Middle East can merely be built by taking proper account of the Arab context. He further argues that the foreign aspect is partly not favorable to the creation of multi-focused, customer-oriented management approaches in the oil rich Gulf States. Researchers have also explored the subject of management flow from the Western countries to the Arab world. Yavas (1998 as cited in Aswathappa & Dash 2007), for instance, studied the subjective value given to a cluster of management competencies by Saudi managers who had gained their business diploma in the United States. Yavas (1998) emphasizes several

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Company Law - Essay Example The House of Lords also held that once a company is incorporated, it acquires a legal status or personality that gives it the capacity to sue or be sued under its own name5. This implies that a company can file civil or legal proceedings against any person including the members who form it in its own name as noted by Talbot6. At the same time, the shareholders of the company can sue the company in its own name in case of breach. The House of Lords further noted that a legal entity in the form of a company exists perpetually; it is only when a company is liquidated or wound up that it stops to exist legally. This implies that the death of members of a company does not affect the existence of the company. Since the company is a separate entity, it will continue to operate even if all the members who formed it are dead7. This is attributable to the fact that the company will acquire other members such as through the issuance of shares or debentures to ensure its continuity8. The company can also employ workers in its own name to ensure its effective and efficient operation. Based on the precedence set by the House of Lords in Salomon v Salomon (1897) it is enshrined in English law that when an entity is incorporated, it is considered to be a separate legal personality. In this respect, the entity becomes separate from the individuals or organizations who take part in it. In other words, the owners and directors of the company or members of the company considered to be separate from the company. For a company that is limited by shares, the law assumes that it exists perpetually irrespective of the changes that may occur with respect to its constitution and membership. Furthermore, an incorporated entity can own any kind of property and hence has... This paper approves that the court further considered whether the subsidiaries were agents of the parent or not and analysed the situation from the corporate veil point. The Court of Appeal rejected the notion of treating the corporations as a single economic entity and held that the interest of justice did not feature as criteria for lifting the veil. The Court further held that that agency did not apply in the case much as sham and fraud did not apply in the same case. In making a ruling, the court noted that only three circumstances warranted the unveiling of a company; where a company is merely a facade, where a court is making interpretation of a statute, and when the subsidiary is an agent of the parent. This report makes a conclusion that a company is accorded equal treatment to that that may be given to any other independent individual. If for example, a sole trader incorporates his or her business and engages in contracts through the company as opposed to using his or her own name, then the company by law is not considered a trustee or agent of the sole proprietor. The existence of the new â€Å"person† that is the company survives its members, directors, shareholders, and employees for as long as it has not been liquidated or wound up. In as much as the Salomon case upholds the notion of separate legal personality, courts sometimes go to the extent of lifting the veil of corporation to establish the human faces behind the companies.

Reviewing The Hobbies Of Home Cooking Media Essay

Reviewing The Hobbies Of Home Cooking Media Essay Cooking has always been a good hobby for people and part of relaxing and fun entertainment for some category of people. There is always something new to be learnt about cooking and its all about creativity and making a better taste of bland materials. It has been one of the humans interests since the beginning of their creation and has always been improved. Some people argue that cooking will be a thing of the past like many other humans past hobbies which have changed by the change of technology. Cooking at home will never be a thing of the past because many cultures continue their cooking traditions and it is more economical and healthier. Some people prefer eating outside because its easier and more convenient but cooking at home is becoming a hobby for most people. During history nations have created dishes that are special and delicious. Their decedents have learnt these dishes and got so attached to them. This is one big reason why cooking at home wont be a thing of the past. Its exactly like how do people always stick to their lands and they always go back to them no matter how long have they been away, they will always stick to their traditional food and their traditions of cooking at home no matter how much do they eat outside they will always go back to their roots and to the original way of cooking which is at home. For an example, its well known in the Arabic world that the Arabic men will never accept the idea of eating out side the house the whole time and not getting home made food at all. The reason behind this is because all Arabic mothers try to pamper their kids by cooking for them the food at home considering it as the healthiest way and the cleanest way of all. So they are used to a specific standard of food and they also feel like it is a way of care giving. Another example is the Japanese home cooking. In general, the Japanese nation is exceptionally healthy and lives much longer than any other civilization in the humankind. Why is this? Loads of people point it to the way they eat. They cook at home a lot. They use healthy delicious and very useful ingredients from the nature. They like to take advantage of everything god blessed mankind with. They will never give up on their on home cooking because they consider it a source of joy and a way of remaining healthy and a way of living longer. Some cultures look at cooking as an art and at cooks as artists. Once people declare that cooking is a fine art, they are just saying the truth. They dont come across cooking as an odd job, and they seem to see it as a mode of expressing peoples ingenuity. They appear to look at it as a method to state peoples originality. They look at the food they make, as their personal preparation and not only are they taking self-importance in their kitchens, they as well fall in love with the challenge it put forwards.( williamm,22 March 22, 2010) Each culture enjoys its way of cooking, its meals and food in general. For lots of people it is a joy and something they will never leave or stop. People will keep on cooking no matter what because human in their nature they get bored and thats a thing in all cultures. So we cant just eat outside the whole time or eat packed food or prepared food or frozen food. People will always want to eat something they know or to eat something they have cooked even if they are not great cooks but they long for that a lot. The quality of the food greatly affects peoples health. Many people prefer cooking at home because it makes them feel great and have lots of energy. There are few more reasons, why cooking at home has been so important for the health. It helps to have a strong immune system ,so people can stay in healthy weight and look slim and trim and physically fit .To avoid certain diseases known to be a related to diet and nutrition, particularly cancer, heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and obesity, we need safe and clean food. Eating a balance of healthy foods that contain carbohydrate, protein, and fat every day will help blood glucose stay in balance. It is also very important to have full knowledge over the quality of food and utensils. All ingredients, while people cooking, should be fresh and utensils should be the best quality. The World Health Organization predicts that depression will be the second highest cause of the global disease problem by 2020. It is clear, that eating fast food thereby increasing stress and tension and reducing joy and liveliness. It is a fact that eating vegetables, fruits and well cooked fish helps to prevent depression. What humans eat controls the levels of brain chemicals, which regulate behavior (Gutierrez, 2009). Cooking salads at home is very healthy. For instance, it is proven that eating just a few ounces of broccoli each day can reduce a humans risk of ulcers and stomach cancer, as well as eating cabbage, kale, mustard seed and rocket, amongst others. Research has also shows, that broccoli and other vegetables may not only prove to play important role in many cancers, it could be effective treatment as well (Adams, 2008). There are many healthy techniques to cook like stir -frying, boiling and steaming. Stir-frying, which is very common in Asia, means cutting food into small pieces, putting them in a pan with very little oil and cooking them very quickly at a very high heat. Because it is one of the fastest ways to cook, rich of vitamins, such as broccoli and carrots, contain more nutrients, as well as their texture and colour. Also stir-fry recipe requires only two to three tablespoons of oil. This small amount of oil can cook big chicken and any veggies. One of the most popular techniques is boiling. Boiling food involves no fat, so in a sense it is healthy. Therefore, the water that the food is boiled in is actually healthier and it can be used for other purposes, such as using it as stock or for making soup. This water is extremely nutrient rich. Boiling food is a safe way of ensuring that all disease-causing bacteria in the water or the food are destroyed. Boiling water for a few minutes kills most bacteria, amoeba and other microbial pathogens. It can help prevent illnesses such as cholera, dysentery and other diseases caused by micro-organisms. As for food, boiling makes it is easy to classify. Boiling food on a high flame changes the shape of the food being cooked, while boiling on a low flame helps retain the shape. Some people believe steaming is the best way to go. Steaming preserves the vitamins and minerals in foods. It is also healthy, because it is does not require any oils or fats. Steam can actually help melt some of the excess fats in foods, which end up in the water that was heated to make the steam. When people using this technique, it is also less danger of consuming carcinogens that are present in blackened foods. Eating outside is more expensive than eating inside. The cost of the items is different for the same quantity. The statement eating out saves much time and money cannot be convinced (Jeff D Gorman, n.d). And that makes logical sense; we pay more in fast food restaurants than cooking at home for the same things. People are looking at the quantity. Were spending the same amount of time in both at home and at restaurants. At home, we shop for the ingredients and prepare our food and afterwards we clean the dishes. At restaurants, we either wait for our table to get ready, wait for the food to arrive and afterwards we wait for the restaurant to bring out the check (MetaFilter Network Inc, 1999). In a short term perspective, it may seem that dining out can be cost-effective and convenient. But in a long term perspective, it doesnt matter whether its convenient or not, but itll be very cost-effective (Christian Science Monitor, 2010). Most of the people who cant afford pricey things prefer to eat at home because they know it is cheaper. They wont complain about being mentally tired as long as the saved the money in their wallets. For a restaurant to make profit they need to put all the costs for their expenditure in the meals. They include the rent, employees salaries, and the maintenance bills in the meals. And add a little more to get the profit out of it. Now if someone knew this, how can they explain that its cheaper to eat out when youre paying for things you can do yourself and for things that probably does not concern you, and also for the same amount of time? Buying five pieces of chicken breasts for ten dirhams at a grocery store like Spinneys is much cheaper than ord ering a combo meal of chicken and rice from a fast food outlet for fifteen dirhams. The combo meal will last only for that day while the five pieces for chicken breast will last for three meals if the person is willing to do so. Even if we eat the cheapest food available, such as Chinese takeout, we can feed up to five people with the same amount of money we would spend for the meal to feed ourselves. Even if shopping takes a lot of time comparing when eating at a restaurant, we arent earning or saving any money when we are saving time from shopping. The majority of articles and books and talk about managing your budget when it comes to eating out against eating in would claim that eating out would make your money stretch. Also eating at home would depend all on how you buy your ingredients. It depends on if you buy in a bulk, with coupons, or buying premium meat or standard. It makes logical sense that companies are still selling food ingredients in supermarkets and people are still cooking at home. Dining out is for those going out on a special occasion. One reason to eat outside instead of cooking in the house is because its more convenient and easier to get. specially for that category of people who are lazier and more busy and prefer to not spend their time for cooking and preparing its material as they believe its more time consuming .This category of people believes it is always more convenient to go and get whatever they want and save a lot of time by not cooking. In first sight it may seem that eating outside is more convenient but it is actually more complicated and stressful than it look likes. By considering time people spend standing in the food cues, waiting for their meal and finding an appropriate place to sit and serve their meal will all count part of the time they spend to have a meal outside. In addition, stress and aggressiveness that people may get out of communicating with other people are all part of hassle of eating outside. In conclusion, eating will never be a thing of past because its one of humans life necessities and its more beneficial for human to keep their habit alive as it will be more economical, healthy and cultural.

Lab 2.6.2: Using Wireshark

Lab 2. 6. 2: Using Wiresharkâ„ ¢ to View Protocol Data Units Learning Objectives †¢ Be able to explain the purpose of a protocol analyzer (Wireshark). †¢ Be able to perform basic PDU capture using Wireshark. †¢ Be able to perform basic PDU analysis on straightforward network data traffic. †¢ Experiment with Wireshark features and options such as PDU capture and display filtering. Background Wireshark is a software protocol analyzer, or â€Å"packet sniffer† application, used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and protocol development, and education. Before June 2006, Wireshark was known as Ethereal.A packet sniffer (also known as a network analyzer or protocol analyzer) is computer software that can intercept and log data traffic passing over a data network. As data streams travel back and forth over the network, the sniffer â€Å"captures† each protocol data unit (PDU) and can decode and analyze its content according to the appropria te RFC or other specifications. Wireshark is programmed to recognize the structure of different network protocols. This enables it to display the encapsulation and individual fields of a PDU and interpret their meaning.It is a useful tool for anyone working with networks and can be used with most labs in the CCNA courses for data analysis and troubleshooting. For information and to download the program go to – http://www. Wireshark. org Scenario To capture PDUs the computer on which Wireshark is installed must have a working connection to the network and Wireshark must be running before any data can be captured. When Wireshark is launched, the screen below is displayed. [pic] To start data capture it is first necessary to go to the Capture menu and select the Options choice.The Options dialog provides a range of settings and filters which determines which and how much data traffic is captured. [pic] First, it is necessary to ensure that Wireshark is set to monitor the correct interface. From the Interface drop down list, select the network adapter in use. Typically, for a computer this will be the connected Ethernet Adapter. Then other Options can be set. Among those available in Capture Options, the two highlighted below are worth examination. [pic] Setting Wireshark to capture packets in promiscuous modeIf this feature is NOT checked, only PDUs destined for this computer will be captured. If this feature is checked, all PDUs destined for this computer AND all those detected by the computer NIC on the same network segment (i. e. , those that â€Å"pass by† the NIC but are not destined for the computer) are captured. Note: The capturing of these other PDUs depends on the intermediary device connecting the end device computers on this network. As you use different intermediary devices (hubs, switches, routers) throughout these courses, you will experience the different Wireshark results.Setting Wireshark for network name resolution This option all ows you to control whether or not Wireshark translates network addresses found in PDUs into names. Although this is a useful feature, the name resolution process may add extra PDUs to your captured data perhaps distorting the analysis. There are also a number of other capture filtering and process settings available. Clicking on the Start button starts the data capture process and a message box displays the progress of this process. [pic] As data PDUs are captured, the types and number are indicated in the message box pic][pic] The examples above show the capture of a ping process and then accessing a web page. When the Stop button is clicked, the capture process is terminated and the main screen is displayed. This main display window of Wireshark has three panes. [pic] The PDU (or Packet) List Pane at the top of the diagram displays a summary of each packet captured. By clicking on packets in this pane, you control what is displayed in the other two panes. The PDU (or Packet) Detai ls Pane in the middle of the diagram displays the packet selected in the Packet List Pane in more detail.The PDU (or Packet) Bytes Pane at the bottom of the diagram displays the actual data (in hexadecimal form representing the actual binary) from the packet selected in the Packet List Pane, and highlights the field selected in the Packet Details Pane. Each line in the Packet List corresponds to one PDU or packet of the captured data. If you select a line in this pane, more details will be displayed in the â€Å"Packet Details† and â€Å"Packet Bytes† panes. The example above shows the PDUs captured when the ping utility was used and http://www. Wireshark. org was accessed. Packet number 1 is selected in this pane.The Packet Details pane shows the current packet (selected in the â€Å"Packet List† pane) in a more detailed form. This pane shows the protocols and protocol fields of the selected packet. The protocols and fields of the packet are displayed using a t ree, which can be expanded and collapsed. The Packet Bytes pane shows the data of the current packet (selected in the â€Å"Packet List† pane) in what is known as â€Å"hexdump† style. In this lab, this pane will not be examined in detail. However, when a more in-depth analysis is required this displayed information is useful for examining the binary values and content of PDUs.The information captured for the data PDUs can be saved in a file. This file can then be opened in Wireshark for analysis some time in the future without the need to re-capture the same data traffic again. The information displayed when a capture file is opened is the same as the original capture. When closing a data capture screen or exiting Wireshark you are prompted to save the captured PDUs. [pic] Clicking on Continue without Saving closes the file or exits Wireshark without saving the displayed captured data. Task 1: Ping PDU CaptureStep 1: After ensuring that the standard lab topology and c onfiguration is correct, launch Wireshark on a computer in a lab pod. Set the Capture Options as described above in the overview and start the capture process. From the command line of the computer, ping the IP address of another network connected and powered on end device on in the lab topology. In this case, ping the Eagle Server at using the command ping 192. 168. 254. 254. After receiving the successful replies to the ping in the command line window, stop the packet capture. Step 2: Examine the Packet List pane.The Packet List pane on Wireshark should now look something like this: [pic] Look at the packets listed above; we are interested in packet numbers 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14 and 15. Locate the equivalent packets on the packet list on your computer. If you performed Step 1A above match the messages displayed in the command line window when the ping was issued with the six packets captured by Wireshark. From the Wireshark Packet List answer the following: What protocol is used by ping? _icmp_____________________________ What is the full protocol name? _____________________________ What are the names of the two ping messages? __echo ping requet, echo ping reply _____________________________________________________________________ Are the listed source and destination IP addresses what you expected? Yes / No Why? _no. frst time using wireshark. Results are amazing______________________ Step 3: Select (highlight) the first echo request packet on the list with the mouse. The Packet Detail pane will now display something similar to: [pic] Click on each of the four â€Å"+† to expand the information.The packet Detail Pane will now be similar to: [pic] As you can see, the details for each section and protocol can be expanded further. Spend some time scrolling through this information. At this stage of the course, you may not fully understand the information displayed but make a note of the information you do recognize. Locate the two different types of â €˜Source† and â€Å"Destination†. Why are there two types? __________________________________________________________________ What protocols are in the Ethernet frame? ____________________________________________________________As you select a line in the Packets Detail pane all or part of the information in the Packet Bytes pane also becomes highlighted. For example, if the second line (+ Ethernet II) is highlighted in the Details pane the Bytes pane now highlights the corresponding values. [pic] This shows the particular binary values that represent that information in the PDU. At this stage of the course, it is not necessary to understand this information in detail. Step 4: Go to the File menu and select Close. Click on Continue without Saving when this message box appears. [pic]Task 2: FTP PDU Capture Step 1: Start packet capture. Assuming Wireshark is still running from the previous steps, start packet capture by clicking on the Start option on the Capture menu of Wireshark. At the command line on your computer running Wireshark, enter ftp 192. 168. 254. 254 When the connection is established, enter anonymous as the user without a password. Userid: anonymous Password: You may alternatively use login with userid cisco and with password cisco. When successfully logged in enter get /pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter1/gaim-1. 5. 0. exe and press the enter key .This will start downloading the file from the ftp server. The output will look similar to: C:Documents and Settingsccna1>ftp eagle-server. example. com Connected to eagle-server. example. com. 220 Welcome to the eagle-server FTP service. User (eagle-server. example. com:(none)): anonymous 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. ftp> get /pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter1/gaim-1. 5. 0. exe 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter1/gaim-1. 5. 0. exe (6967072 bytes). 26 File send OK. ftp: 69 67072 bytes received in 0. 59Seconds 11729. 08Kbytes/sec. When the file download is complete enter quit ftp> quit 221 Goodbye. C:Documents and Settingsccna1> When the file has successfully downloaded, stop the PDU capture in Wireshark. Step 2: Increase the size of the Wireshark Packet List pane and scroll through the PDUs listed. Locate and note those PDUs associated with the file download. These will be the PDUs from the Layer 4 protocol TCP and the Layer 7 protocol FTP. Identify the three groups of PDUs associated with the file transfer.If you performed the step above, match the packets with the messages and prompts in the FTP command line window. The first group is associated with the â€Å"connection† phase and logging into the server. List examples of messages exchanged in this phase. ___________________________________________________________________ Locate and list examples of messages exchanged in the second phase that is the actual download request and the data trans fer. __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________The third group of PDUs relate to logging out and â€Å"breaking the connection†. List examples of messages exchanged during this process. __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Locate recurring TCP exchanges throughout the FTP process. What feature of TCP does this indicate? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Step 3: Examine Packet Details. Select (highlight) a packet on the list associated with the first phase of the FTP process.View the packet details in the Details pane. What are the protocols encapsulated in the frame? ___________________________________________________________________ Highlight the packets containing the user name and passw ord. Examine the highlighted portion in the Packet Byte pane. What does this say about the security of this FTP login process? ___________________________________________________________________ Highlight a packet associated with the second phase. From any pane, locate the packet containing the file name. The filename is: ______________________________Highlight a packet containing the actual file content – note the plain text visible in the Byte pane. Highlight and examine, in the Details and Byte panes, some packets exchanged in the third phase of the file download. What features distinguish the content of these packets? ___________________________________________________________________ When finished, close the Wireshark file and continue without saving Task 3: HTTP PDU Capture Step 1: Start packet capture. Assuming Wireshark is still running from the previous steps, start packet capture by clicking on the Start option on the Capture menu of Wireshark.Note: Capture Options do not have to be set if continuing from previous steps of this lab. Launch a web browser on the computer that is running Wireshark. Enter the URL of the Eagle Server of example. com or enter the IP address-192. 168. 254. 254. When the webpage has fully downloaded, stop the Wireshark packet capture. Step 2: Increase the size of the Wireshark Packet List pane and scroll through the PDUs listed. Locate and identify the TCP and HTTP packets associated with the webpage download. Note the similarity between this message exchange and the FTP exchange.Step 3: In the Packet List pane, highlight an HTTP packet that has the notation â€Å"(text/html)† in the Info column. In the Packet Detail pane click on the â€Å"+† next to â€Å"Line-based text data: html† When this information expands what is displayed? ___________________________________________________________________ Examine the highlighted portion of the Byte Panel. This shows the HTML data carried by the packet. When finished close the Wireshark file and continue without saving Task 4: Reflection Consider the encapsulation information pertaining to captured network data Wireshark can provide.Relate this to the OSI and TCP/IP layer models. It is important that you can recognize and link both the protocols represented and the protocol layer and encapsulation types of the models with the information provided by Wireshark. Task 5: Challenge Discuss how you could use a protocol analyzer such as Wireshark to: (1)Troubleshoot the failure of a webpage to download successfully to a browser on a computer. and (2)Identify data traffic on a network that is requested by users. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________ ________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Task 6: Cleanup Unless instructed otherwise by your instructor, exit Wireshark and properly shutdown the computer. ———————– Packet List Pane Packet Details Pane Packets Bytes Pane

How organizational culture relates to innovation Essay

How Organizational Culture Can Support Creativity and Innovation when we think of the terms Innovation and creativity we automatically think of the Individual. We often ask ourselves, what can the Individual bring into an organization? What type of creativity does the Individual have that can support the organization and how would it help the organization grow? As we ask ourselves these questions we are often overlooking the important aspects that correlate to an individual’s capability of creativity and innovation It is important to understand the context In which the Individual functions (Mclean. 05, pg,227). one vltal aspect Is the organizational culture. organizational culture Is denned as the shared values, beliefs and traditions that exist among individuals In an organization. When we refer to the culture in an organization we should consider if everyone In the organization have shared values and beliefs that contribute towards the organization. If so what is the organiz ation doing to influence these work ethics. It is important that individuals maintain a healthy organizational culture because it is an observable powerful point In the organization. hitch has a potent effect on the company well king and Its success. Now that we have analyzed the Importance of organizational culture, lets examine In how it can be done. Creativity and Innovation comes into the organization in a form of a cycle in most cases. These two aspects are influenced by the organizational culture, while the organizational culture is mostly influenced by the organization itself and the experience the workers bring with them tom previous employers (Qwabe. 2013, P. 3). The organization Influences from the very beginning of the hiring process. From the selection process the company chooses a certain amount of Individuals In which they eel have qualities that can bring a positive outlook to the company. These qualities may include; dynamic personalities, strong values and a clear vision on how to operate the business. Another way the company influences from this point is the type of attitude the interviewer is portraying to the interviewee. During the selection process the Interviewer gives a sense out their ethos and their attitude towards the company. This approach transmits to the Interviewee and Influences them In such a way that can determine the enthusiasm on being hired (Qwabe, 2013, P. 7) The other influence the organizational culture has is the experience the workers bring with them from previous employers and other external forces. Past experience can affect the work ethics and any contribution an individual may have with the current company. The influence towards the organizational culture can also be vice versa, In which the experience the company had with the previous employees. In such case the organization learns from critical experiences from the external forces. As the learning occurred, the organizations history becomes memories that After the selection process the organization must continue the positive attitudes nd work as leaders to maintain the positive behavior to ensure long term survival for the organization culture. When the organization leaders motivates the employees, the employers are more likely to feel engaged to their work resulting from better and more satisfactorily work outcomes (Sarrows, Cooper, Santora, 2008, P. 46). There are many tactics some organizations have developed to transmit this motivation and to enhance the positive working environment within the organizational culture. There are six factors in which the organizational leaders use to promote the positive environment. These six are; articulating a vision for the future, providing an appropriate role model, fostering the acceptance of goals, setting high performance expectat ions, providing individual support and providing intellectual stimulation (Sarrows, Cooper, Santora, 2008, P. 46-147). Organizational leaders use these six factors to affiliate it into their own leadership style. This helps them with the enhancement of creativity and innovation by advocating the organizational culture. There are four functions in which help bring the organization’s culture to life. These four functions include organizational identity, sense making device, collective commitment and social system stability (Qwabe, 2013, P. 12). The first function that will be discussed is the organizational identity. When an organization has a sense of identity it is giving the employees a better sense with what the organization wants, giving the employee a more coherent vision and understanding to the organizations objective. Therefor it is providing the employee a more comfortable state where the employee can feel more part of the mission while also strengthening the establishment of what the company is really about and what they stand for. The second function is the collective commitment. When referring to collective commitment we are referring to the energy the employee drives around the important aspects of the favors the organization. It is important for an organization to articulate collective commitments because when employees assemble together and commit themselves to their goals and missions, the relationship amongst each other change for the better. They feel morally obligated to embody their own actions and motivate each other to reach their daily goals. Social system stability is another function of organizational cultural, yet it is also a very important appliance to the organization itself. Social system stability provides a more positive work environment giving the opportunity for the employees to have a more respectable work place. This function helps employees with the ability to resolve conflicts using a problem-focused approach rather than a person focused approach or a blaming mentality. These approaches help avoid any possible conflicts in the workplace creating the workplace to be less tensed and a more complaisant environment. device the organizational culture is being given a broader understanding on what the company’s strategy and values are. It gives the employee a sort of behavior shaping hat helps employees a sense of their surroundings. With this function the employees have a better comprehension in to the objective of the organization, how the organization functions and how the organization aspires to succeed their goals (Qwabe, 2013, P. 13-14). In conclusion it is set that organizational culture does indeed support creativity and innovation. These articles have also prover that the organization itself is greatly influenced within the members of the organizational culture. This is an important aspect of a successful organization. References Qwabe, N. P (â€Å"2013). University of Fort Hare Faculty of Management & Commerce Department of Industrial Psychology. (ONINE) Available at:http://www. academia. edu/1964153/ Organisational_culture_lnnovation_and_creativty. (Last Accessed 1 1. Nov. 2013). McLean, L. D. (2005). Organizational Culture’s Influence on Creativity and innovation: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Human Resource Development. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7(2), 226-246. Sarrows, J. C. , Cooper, B. K. , Santora, J. C. , (2008). Building a Climate for Innovation Through Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies. 15 (2), pp. 145-148